membuat tampilan sapa dengan android eclipse portable

Hello XXX

activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvSalam"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello_world" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/etNama"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/tvSalam"
        android:layout_below="@+id/etNama"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/bSapa"
        android:ems="10"
        android:inputType="textPersonName" >

        <requestFocus />
    </EditText>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bSapa"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignTop="@+id/editText1"
        android:onClick="bSapaClick"
        android:layout_marginRight="25dp"
        android:text="Sapa" />


</RelativeLayout>


Graphical Layout

Main Activity.java

package com.helloword;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    }

    @Override

    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.

        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);

        return true;

    }

   

    public void bSapaClick(View v){

        EditText etNama = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etNama);

        TextView tvSalam = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvSalam);

        String nama = etNama.getText().toString();

        tvSalam.setText("Hallo "+nama+" senang bertemu dengan anda!");

   

    }

   

}

Layout running

Latihan Membuat Radio Button menggunakan Android Eclipse portable

activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:onClick="klikHasilRadio"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/tvHasilRadio"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:text="Hasil" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvHasilRadio"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_above="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_marginBottom="46dp"
        android:text="Pilih salah satu klik Button"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />

    <RadioGroup
        android:id="@+id/rgJenisKel"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/tvHasilRadio"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true" >

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/rbLaki"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:checked="true"
            android:text="Laki-laki" />

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/rbPerempuan"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Perempuan" />
    </RadioGroup>

</RelativeLayout>


Graphical Layout

Layout Radio Button menggunakan Radio Button grup

Main Activity.java

package com.radiobutton;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.RadioGroup;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    }

    @Override

    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.

        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);

        return true;

    }

   

    public void klikHasilRadio(View v){

                TextView tvHasilRadio = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvHasilRadio);

                RadioGroup rgJenisKel = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.rgJenisKel);

                int id = rgJenisKel.getCheckedRadioButtonId();

                String s = "";

                if (id == R.id.rbPerempuan){

                                s = "Perempuan";

                } else

                                if (id == R.id.rbLaki){

                                                s = "Laki-laki";

                                } else {

                                                s = "Tidak ada yang dipilih";

                                }

                tvHasilRadio.setText(s);

    }

}

Layout Running

ketika memilih Radio Button Laki-laki, maka ditombol Hasil muncul Laki-laki

ketika memilih Radio Button Perempuan, maka ditombol Hasil muncul Perempuan

Latihan Membuat Check Box dengan android eclipse portable

Activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/cbJava"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Java" />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/cbPhp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/cbJava"
        android:layout_below="@+id/cbJava"
        android:layout_marginTop="25dp"
        android:text="Php" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bHasil"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/cbPhp"
        android:layout_below="@+id/cbPhp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="17dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="82dp"
        android:onClick="bHasilClick"
        android:text="Hasil" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvHasilradio"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/cbJava"
        android:layout_below="@+id/cbPhp"
        android:layout_marginTop="27dp"
        android:text="Pilih lalu klik Button"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />

</RelativeLayout>

Graphical Layout

MainActivity.java

package com.checkbox;

import android.R.string;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.CheckBox;

import android.widget.RadioGroup;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    }

    @Override

    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.

        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);

        return true;

    }

   

    public void bHasilClick(View v){

                TextView tvHasilradio = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvHasilradio);

                CheckBox cbJava = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.cbJava);

                CheckBox cbPhp = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.cbPhp);

               

                String s="";

                if (cbJava.isChecked()){

                                s ="Java";

                }

                if (cbPhp.isChecked()){

                                s = s + "PHP";

                }

                tvHasilradio.setText(s);

    }

}

Layout Running

quis chapter 11 CCNA

1. Match the type of threat with the cause. (Not all options are used.)
hardware threats - physical damage to servers
environmental threats - temperature extremes
electrical threats - voltage spikes
maintenance threats - poor hadling
Other Incorrect Match Options:
unauthorized access resulting in loss of data
Refer to curriculum topic: 11.2.1
Physical threats can be classified into four categories:

Environmental threats -Temperature extremes (too hot or too cold) or humidity extremes (too wet or too dry)
Hardware threats - Physical damage to servers, routers, switches, cabling plant, and workstations
Electrical threats - Voltage spikes, insufficient supply voltage (brownouts), unconditioned power (noise), and total power loss
Maintenance threats - Poor handling of key electrical components (electrostatic discharge), lack of critical spare parts, poor cabling, and poor labeling

2. What type of traffic would most likely have the highest priority through the network?
  FTP
  instant messaging
  voice *
  SNMP
Refer to curriculum topic: 11.1.1
Not all traffic should receive the same treatment or priority through a network. Some types of traffic, such as voice and video, require the highest priority because they are very sensitive to network latency and delay. Other types of traffic, such as FTP which is not sensitive to latency and delay, should be given the lowest levels of priority so that the higher priority traffic can get through.

3. Which statement is true about Cisco IOS ping indicators??

  '!' indicates that the ping was unsuccessful and that the device may have issues finding a DNS server.

  'U' may indicate that a router along the path did not contain a route to the destination address and that the ping was unsuccessful. *

  '.' indicates that the ping was successful but the response time was longer than normal.

  A combination of '.' and '!' indicates that a router along the path did not have a route to the destination address and responded with an ICMP unreachable message.?

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.3.1

The most common indicators of a ping issued from the Cisco IOS are "!", ".", and "U". The "!" indicates that the ping completed successfully, verifying connectivity at Layer 3. The "." may indicate that a connectivity problem, routing problem, or device security issue exists along the path and that an ICMP destination unreachable message was not provided. The "U" indicates that a router along the path may not have had a route to the destination address, and that it responded with an ICMP unreachable message.

 

4. Which protocol is used by the traceroute command to send and receive echo-requests and echo-replies?

  SNMP 

  ICMP *

  Telnet 

  TCP 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.3.2

Traceroute uses the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to send and receive echo-request and echo-reply messages.

 

5. A small company has only one router as the exit point to its ISP. Which solution could be adopted to maintain connectivity if the router itself, or its connection to the ISP, fails?

  Activate another router interface that is connected to the ISP, so the traffic can flow through it.

  Have a second router that is connected to another ISP. *

  Purchase a second least-cost link from another ISP to connect to this router. 

  Add more interfaces to the router that is connected to the internal network. 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.1.1

Small networks generally have only one link to an ISP to establish a connection to the Internet. Problems can occur in the network, which can cause the disruption of this service. In order to keep connectivity, redundancy has to be provided. If the problem is in the router interface that is connected to the ISP, another interface can be activated on the router, so if one interface fails, traffic may be redirected toward the other interface. However, if the router itself fails, a second router that is connected to another ISP can be used as a backup.

6. On which two interfaces or ports can security be improved by configuring executive timeouts? (Choose two.)

  Fast Ethernet interfaces 

  console ports *

  serial interfaces 

  vty ports *

  loopback interfaces 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.2.4

Executive timeouts allow the Cisco device to automatically disconnect users after they have been idle for the specified time. Console, vty, and aux ports can be configured with executive timeouts.

 

7. Which element of scaling a network involves identifying the physical and logical topologies?

  traffic analysis 

  network documentation * 

  device inventory 

  cost analysis 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.1.3

To scale a network, several elements are required:

Network documentation - physical and logical topology

Device Inventory - list of devices that use or make up the network 

Budget - Itemized IT budget, including fiscal year equipment purchasing budget

Traffic analysis - protocols, applications, and services and their respective traffic requirements should be documented

8. 

Refer to the exhibit. The exhibited configuration is entered by a network administrator into a new router. Sometime later a network technician proceeds to log in to the router via a console connection. The technician enters techadmin as the user name and tries a password of 63t0ut0fh3r3!. What will be the result of this action?

  The router will deny access and display an error message. 

  The router will deny access and display a banner message. 

  The router will display the DT_ATC_RS3> prompt. *

  The router will be locked for 2 minutes and 30 seconds. 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.2.4

Whenever an administrator connects to the console port, the configuration applied under the line con 0 interface determines how the user is authenticated. The console port configuration has the login command with local as the keyword. That means the username and password are required before the administrator is even allowed to see the enable mode prompt. Because the correct username and password was typed, the administrator will be presented with the enable mode prompt.

 

9. How should traffic flow be captured in order to best understand traffic patterns in a network?

  during low utilization times 

  during peak utilization times * 

  when it is on the main network segment only 

  when it is from a subset of users 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.1.3

Capturing traffic during low utilization time will not give a good representation of the different traffic types. Because some traffic could be local to a particular segment, the  capture must be done on different network segments.

 

10. What is considered the most effective way to mitigate a worm attack?

  Change system passwords every 30 days. 

  Ensure that all systems have the most current virus definitions. 

  Ensure that AAA is configured in the network. 

  Download security updates from the operating system vendor and patch all vulnerable systems. *

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.2.3

Because worms take advantage of vulnerabilities in the system itself, the most effective way to mitigate worm attacks is to download security updates from the operating system vendor and patch all vulnerable systems.  

 

11. What is one of the most effective security tools available for protecting users from external threats?

  firewalls *

  router that run AAA services 

  patch servers 

  password encryption techniques 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.2.3

A firewall is one of the most effective security tools for protecting internal network users from external threats.  A firewall resides between two or more networks, controls the traffic between them, and helps prevent unauthorized access. A host intrusion prevention system can help prevent outside intruders and should be used on all systems.

12. A network technician is investigating network connectivity from a PC to a remote host with the address 10.1.1.5. Which command, when issued on a Windows PC, will display the path to the remote host?

  trace 10.1.1.5

  traceroute 10.1.1.5

  tracert 10.1.1.5 *

  ping 10.1.1.5

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.3.2

The tracert command is used to initiate a trace from the command prompt on a Windows PC. The traceroute command is used to initiate a trace from a Cisco router or switch. Some other PC operating systems, such as Linux and Mac OS also use the traceroute command. The ping command does not display the network path to the remote host.

 

13. Fill in the blank. 

Network services use........... to define a set of rules that govern how devices communicate and the data formats used in a network.

Answer :

Protocols

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.1.2

Each application or network service uses protocols, which define the standards and data formats to be used. Without protocols, the data network would not have a common way to format and direct data.

 

14. Which process failed if a computer cannot access the Internet and received an IP address of 169.254.142.5?

  IP 

  DNS 

  DHCP * 

  HTTP 

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.4.3

When a Windows computer cannot communicate with an IPv4 DHCP server, the computer automatically assigns itself an IP address in the169.254.0.0/16 range. Linux and Apple computers do not automatically assign an IP address.

15. Which command will block login attempts on RouterA for a period of 30 seconds if there are 2 failed login attempts within 10 seconds?

  RouterA(config)# login block-for 10 attempts 2 within 30

  RouterA(config)# login block-for 30 attempts 2 within 10 *

  RouterA(config)# login block-for 2 attempts 30 within 10

  RouterA(config)# login block-for 30 attempts 10 within 2

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.2.4

The correct syntax is RouterA(config)# login block-for (number of seconds) attempts (number of attempts) within (number of seconds).

 

16. An administrator wants to back up a router configuration file to a USB drive that is connected to the router. Which command should the administrator use to verify that the USB drive is being recognized by the router?

  pwd

  cd USB

  dir flash0:

  show file systems *

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.2.5

The show file systems command displays all of the available file systems on the device. If usbflash0: appears then the router recognizes the USB drive as a valid storage device. The pwd command shows the current directory being navigated, and the cd command is used to change the current directory. The dir flash0: command will show the contents of flash memory, not the USB drive.

 

17. particular website does not appear to be responding on a Windows 7 computer. What command could the technician use to show any cached DNS entries for this web page?

  ipconfig /all

  arp -a

  ipconfig /displaydns *

  nslookup

Refer to curriculum topic: 11.3.4

quis chapter 10 CCNA

1. What is an advantage of SMB over FTP??
  Only with SMB can data transfers occur in both directions.
  Only SMB establishes two simultaneous connections with the client, making the data transfer faster.
  SMB is more reliable than FTP because SMB uses TCP and FTP uses UDP.
  SMB clients can establish a long-term connection to the server. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.3
SMB and FTP are client/server protocols that are used for file transfer. SMB allows the connecting device to access resources as if they were on the local client device. SMB and FTP use the TCP protocol for connection establishment and they can transfer data in both directions. FTP requires two connections between the client and the server, one for commands and replies, the other for the actual file transfer.


2. What is true about a client-server network?
  The network includes a dedicated server. *
  Each device can function as a server and a client.
  Workstations access network resources using SAMBA or Gnutella.
  Each peer accesses an index server to get the location of a resource stored on another peer in what is considered a hybrid network system.
Refer to curriculum topic: 10.1.2
In a client-server network, a dedicated server responds to service requests from clients. The roles of client and server are not shared on each host in the network. In a peer-to-peer network, computers are connected via a network and can share resources. Each host can function as a server or a client based on the nature of the transaction and what resources are used or requested. A hybrid network is one in which a server supplies index information that enables a peer to locate resources on other peers. In this case the peers can still have the role of client or server depending on the nature of the network transaction.

3. True or False?

In FTP transactions, an FTP client uses the pull method to download files from an FTP server.

  true *

  false 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.3

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a commonly used application layer protocol. FTP allows for data transfers between a client and a server. During data transfers, the FTP client downloads (pulls) data from the server. The FTP client can also upload (push) data to the server.

 

4. Why is DHCP preferred for use on large networks?

  Large networks send more requests for domain to IP address resolution than do smaller networks.

  DHCP uses a reliable transport layer protocol. 

  It prevents sharing of files that are copyrighted. 

Correct!

  It is a more efficient way to manage IP addresses than static address assignment.

  Hosts on large networks require more IP addressing configuration settings than hosts on small networks.

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.2

Static IP address assignment requires personnel to configure each network host  with addresses manually. Large networks can change frequently and have many more hosts to configure than do small networks. DHCP provides a much more efficient means of configuring and managing IP addresses on large networks than does static address assignment.

 

5. What is a common protocol that is used with peer-to-peer applications such as WireShare, Bearshare, and Shareaza?

  Ethernet 

  Gnutella * 

  POP 

  SMTP 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.1.2

The Gnutella protocol is used when one user shares an entire file with another user. A person would load a Gnutella-based application such as gtk-gnutella or WireShare and use that application to locate and access resources shared by others.

 

6. A user is attempting to access http://www.cisco.com/ without success. Which two configuration values must be set on the host to allow this access? (Choose two.)

  DNS server *

  source port number 

  HTTP server 

  default gateway * 

  source MAC address 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.2

In order to use a URL such as http://www.cisco.com, the DNS protocol must be used in order to translate the URL into an IP address. Furthermore, the host device requesting this web page must have a default gateway configured in order to communicate with remote networks.

 

7. What type of information is contained in a DNS MX record?

  the FQDN of the alias used to identify a service 

  the IP address for an FQDN entry 

  the domain name mapped to mail exchange servers *

  the IP address of an authoritative name server 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.2

MX, or mail exchange messages, are used to map a domain name to several mail exchange servers that all belong to the same domain.

8. Which TCP/IP model layer is closest to the end user?

  application *

  internet 

  network access 

  transport 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.1.1

End users use applications to interact with and use the network. The application layer of the TCP/IP model is closest to the end user. Application layer protocols are used to communicate and exchange messages with other network devices and applications. The layers of the TCP/IP model are from top to bottom (memory aid - ATIN): application, transport, internet, network access

 

9. Which command is used to manually query a DNS server to resolve a specific host name?

  nslookup *

  ipconfig /displaydns

  tracert

  ping

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.2

The nslookup command was created to allow a user to manually query a DNS server to resolve a given host name. The ipconfig /displaydns command only displays previously resolved DNS entries. The tracert command was created to examine the path that packets take as they cross a network and can resolve a hostname by automatically querying a DNS server. The ping command was created to test reachability on a network and can resolve a hostname by automatically querying a DNS server.

 

10. A wired laser printer is attached to a home computer. That printer has been shared so that other computers on the home network can also use the printer. What networking model is in use?

  peer-to-peer (P2P) * 

  client-based 

  master-slave 

  point-to-point 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.1.2

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have two or more network devices that can share resources such as printers or files without having a dedicated server.

11. Which three layers of the OSI model provide similar network services to those provided by the application layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose three.)

  physical layer 

  session layer *

  transport layer 

  application layer * 

  presentation layer *

  data link layer 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.1.1

The three upper layers of the OSI model, the session, presentation, and application layers, provide application services similar to those provided by the TCP/IP model application layer. Lower layers of the OSI model are more concerned with data flow.

 

12. On a home network, which device is most likely to provide dynamic IP addressing to clients on the home network?

  a home router *

  an ISP DHCP server 

  a DNS server 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.2

On a home network, a home router usually serves as the DHCP server. The home router is responsible for dynamically assigning IP addresses to clients on the home network. ISPs also use DHCP, but it usually assigns an IP address to the Internet interface of the home router, not the clients on the home network. In businesses, it is common to have a file or other dedicated server provide DHCP services to the network. Finally, a DNS server is responsible for finding the IP address for a URL, not for providing dynamic addressing to network clients.

 

13. Which three protocols or standards are used at the application layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose three.)

  TCP 

  HTTP * 

  MPEG *

  GIF *

  IP 

  UDP 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.1.1

HTTP, MPEG, and GIF operate at the application layer of the TCP/IP model. TCP and UDP operate at the transport layer. IP operates at the internet layer.

 

14. Which protocol can be used to transfer messages from an email server to an email client?

  SMTP 

  POP3 *

  SNMP 

  HTTP 

Refer to curriculum topic: 10.2.1

SMTP is used to send mail from the client to the server but POP3 is used to download mail from the server to the client. HTTP and SNMP are protocols that are unrelated to email.

quis chapter 9 CCNA

1. Which transport layer feature is used to guarantee session establishment?
TCP 3-way handshake *
Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.1
TCP uses the 3-way handshake. UDP does not use this feature. The 3-way handshake ensures there is connectivity between the source and destination devices before transmission occurs.

2. Which two services or protocols use the preferred UDP protocol for fast transmission and low overhead? (Choose two)
DNS *
VoIP *
Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.4
Both DNS and VoIP use UDP to provide low overhead services within a network implementation.

3. What type of applications are best suited for using UDP?
  applications that are sensitive to delay *
Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.3
UDP is not a connection-oriented protocol and does not provide retransmission, sequencing, or flow control mechanisms. It provides basic transport layer functions with  a much lower overhead than TCP. Lower overhead makes UDP suitable for applications which are sensitive to delay.

4. Which action is performed by a client when establishing communication with a server via the use of UDP at the transport layer?
The client randomly selects a source port number. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.3
Because a session does not have to be established for UDP, the client selects a random source port to begin a connection. The random port number selected is inserted into the source port field of the UDP header.

5. Network congestion has resulted in the source learning of the loss of TCP segments that were sent to the destination. What is one way that the TCP protocol addresses this?
The source decreases the amount of data that it transmits before it receives an acknowledgement from the destination. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.2
If the source determines that the TCP segments are either not being acknowledged or are not acknowledged in a timely manner, then it can reduce the number of bytes it sends before receiving an acknowledgment. This does not involve changing the window size in the segment header. The source does not decrease the window size that is sent in the segment header. The window size in the segment header is adjusted by the destination host when it is receiving data faster than it can process it, not when network congestion is encountered.

6. A client application needs to terminate a TCP communication session with a server. Place the termination process steps in the order that they will occur. (Not all options are used.)
step 1 - client sends FI
step 2 - server sends ACK
step 3 - server sends FIN
step 4 - client sends ACK
Other Incorrect Match Options:
client sends SYN
server sends SYN
Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.1
In order to terminate a TCP session, the client sends to the server a segment with the FIN flag set. The server acknowledges the client by sending a segment with the ACK flag set. The server sends a FIN to the client to terminate the server to client session. The client acknowledges the termination by sending a segment with the ACK flag set.

7. What are three responsibilities of the transport layer? (Choose three.)

 Meeting the reliability requirements of applications, if any *

 Multiplexing multiple communication streams from many users 

  or applications on the same network *

  Identifying the applications and services on the client and server 

  that should handle transmitted data *

  Directing packets towards the destination network 

  Formatting data into a compatible form for receipt by the destination devices

  conducting error detection of the contents in frames 

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.1.1

The transport layer has several responsibilities. Some of the primary responsibilities include the following:

Tracking the individual communication streams between applications on the source and destination

Segmenting data at the source and reassembling the data at the destination

Identifying the proper application for each communication stream through the use of port numbers

Multiplexing the communications of multiple users or applications over a single network

Managing the reliability requirements of applications

8. What OSI layer is responsible for establishing a temporary communication session between two applications and ensuring that transmitted data can be reassembled in proper sequence?

  transport *

  network 

  data link 

  session 

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.1.1

The transport layer of the OSI model has several responsibilities. One of the primary responsibilities is to segment data into blocks that can be reassembled in proper sequence at the destination device.

9. What is the purpose of using a source port number in a TCP communication?

  to notify the remote device that the conversation is over 

  to assemble the segments that arrived out of order 

  to keep track of multiple conversations between devices * 

  to inquire for a nonreceived segment 

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.1.2

The source port number in a segment header is used to keep track of multiple conversations between devices. It is also used to keep an open entry for the response from the server. The incorrect options are more related to flow control and guaranteed delivery.

10.  What is an advantage of UDP over TCP?

  UDP communication requires less overhead. * 

  UDP communication is more reliable. 

  UDP reorders segments that are received out of order. 

  UDP acknowledges received data. 

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.1.2

TCP is a more reliable protocol and uses sequence numbers to realign packets that arrive out of order at the destination. Both UDP and TCP use port numbers to identify applications. UDP has less overhead than TCP because the UDP header has fewer bytes and UDP does not confirm the receipt of packets.

11.

Refer to the exhibit. What does the value of the window size specify?

  the amount of data that can be sent at one time 

  the total number of bits received during this TCP session 

  the amount of data that can be sent before an acknowledgment is required *

  a random number that is used in establishing a connection with the 3-way handshake

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.2

The window size specifies the amount of data that can be sent before an acknowledgment is received from the receiver. This value specifies the highest number of bytes, not the required number of bytes.

12. Which three fields are used in a UDP segment header? (Choose three.)

  Window Size 

  Length *

  Source Port * 

  Acknowledgment Number 

  Checksum *

  Sequence Number 

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.1.2

A UDP header consists of only the Source Port, Destination Port, Length, and Checksum fields. Sequence Number, Acknowledgment Number, and Window Size are TCP header fields.

13. Which number or set of numbers represents a socket?

  01-23-45-67-89-AB 

  21 

  192.168.1.1:80 *

  10.1.1.15 

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.1.2

A socket is defined by the combination of an IP address and a port number, and uniquely identifies a particular communication.

14. What is the purpose of the TCP sliding window?

  to inform a source to retransmit data from a specific point forward 

  to request that a source decrease the rate at which it transmits data *

  to end communication when data transmission is complete 

  to ensure that segments arrive in order at the destination 

Refer to curriculum topic: 9.2.2

The TCP sliding window allows a destination device to inform a source to slow down the rate of transmission. To do this, the destination device reduces the value contained in the window size field of the segment. It is acknowledgment numbers that are used to specify retransmission from a specific point forward. It is sequence numbers that are used to ensure segments arrive in order. Finally, it is a FIN control bit that is used to end a communication session.

quis chapter 8 CCNA

1. Three devices are on three different subnets. Match the network address and the broadcast address with each subnet where these devices are located. (Not all options are used.)

Device 1: IP address 192.168.10.77/28 on subnet 1

Device 2: IP address192.168.10.17/30 on subnet 2

Device 3: IP address 192.168.10.35/29 on subnet 3

Subnet 1 network number 

192.168.10.64

Subnet 1 broadcast address 

192.168.10.79

Subnet 2 network number 

192.168.10.16

Subnet 2 broadcast address 

192.168.10.19

Subnet 3 network number 

192.168.10.32

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.5

To calculate any of these addresses, write the device IP address in binary. Draw a line showing where the subnet mask 1s end. For example, with Device 1, the final octet (77) is 01001101. The line would be drawn between the 0100 and the 1101 because the subnet mask is /28. Change all the bits to the right of the line to 0s to determine the network number (01000000 or 64). Change all the bits to the right of the line to 1s to determine the broadcast address (01001111 or 79).

 

2. Three methods allow IPv6 and IPv4 to co-exist. Match each method with its description. (Not all options are used.)

The IPv4 packets and IPv6 packets coexist in the same network. 

dual-satck

The IPv6 packet is transported inside an IPv4 packet. 

tunneling

IPv6 packets are converted into IPv4 packets, and vice versa. 

translation

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.1

The term for the method that allows for the coexistence of the two types of packets on a single network is dual-stack. Tunneling allows for the IPv6 packet to be transported inside IPv4 packets. An IP packet can also be converted from version 6 to version 4 and vice versa. DHCP is a protocol that is used for allocating  network parameters to hosts on an IP network.

3. An administrator wants to create four subnetworks from the network address 192.168.1.0/24. What is the network address and subnet mask of the second useable subnet?

  subnetwork 192.168.1.64

subnet mask 255.255.255.192

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.4

The number of bits that are borrowed would be two, thus giving a total of 4 useable subnets:

192.168.1.0

192.168.1.64

192.168.1.128

192.168.1.192

Because 2 bits are borrowed, the new subnet mask would be /26 or 255.255.255.192

4. Refer to the exhibit. Which two network addresses can be assigned to the network containing 10 hosts? Your answers should waste the fewest addresses, not reuse addresses that are already assigned, and stay within the 10.18.10.0/24 range of addresses. (Choose two.)

  10.18.10.208/28 *

  10.18.10.224/28  *

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.5

Addresses 10.18.10.0 through 10.18.10.63 are taken for the leftmost network. Addresses 192 through 199 are used by the center network. Because 4 host bits are needed to accommodate 10 hosts, a /28 mask is needed. 10.18.10.200/28 is not a valid network number. Two subnets that can be used are 10.18.10.208/28 and 10.18.10.224/28.

5. A network engineer is subnetting the 10.0.240.0/20 network into smaller subnets. Each new subnet will contain between a minimum of 20 hosts and a maximum of 30 hosts. Which subnet mask will meet these requirements?

  255.255.255.224 

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.4

For each new subnet to contain between 20 and 30 hosts, 5 host bits are required. When 5 host bits are being used, 27 network bits are remaining. A /27 prefix provides the subnet mask of 255.255.255.224.

6. A network administrator subnets the 192.168.10.0/24 network into subnets with /26 masks. How many equal-sized subnets are created?

  4 

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.2

The normal mask for 192.168.10.0 is /24. A /26 mask indicates 2 bits have been borrowed for subnetting. With 2 bits, four subnets of equal size could be created.?

7. Fill in the blank.

The last host address on the 10.15.25.0/24 network is  .........................

Answer :

10.15.25.254

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2

The host portion of the last host address will contain all 1 bits with a 0 bit for the lowest order or rightmost bit. This address is always one less than the broadcast address. The range of addresses for the network 10.15.25.0/24 is 10.15.25.0 (network address) through 10.15.25.255 (broadcast address). So the last host address for this network is 10.15.25.254.

8. The network portion of the address 172.16.30.5/16 is  ..............................

Answer :

 172.16

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2

A prefix of /16 means that 16 bits are used for the network part of the address. The network portion of the address is therefore 172.16.

9. What are two benefits of subnetting networks? (Choose two.)

  combining multiple smaller networks into larger networks 

  reducing the size of broadcast domains  *

grouping devices to improve management and security *

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.1

When a single network is subnetted into multiple networks the following occurs:

A new broadcast domain is created for every network that is created through subnetting.

The amount of network traffic that crosses the entire network decreases.

Devices can be grouped together to improve network management and security.

More IP addresses are usable because each network will have a network address and broadcast address.

10. A network administrator has received the IPv6 prefix 2001:DB8::/48 for subnetting. Assuming the administrator does not subnet into the interface ID portion of the address space, how many subnets can the administrator create from the /48 prefix?

65536 * 

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.3.1

With a network prefix of 48, there will be 16 bits available for subnetting because the interface ID starts at bit 64. Sixteen bits will yield 65536 subnets.

11. What does the IP address 192.168.1.15/29 represent?

broadcast address  *

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.2

A broadcast address is the last address of any given network. This address cannot be assigned to a host, and it is used to communicate with all hosts on that network.

12. What is the subnet address for the IPv6 address 2001:D12:AA04:B5::1/64?

2001:D12:AA04:B5::/64? 

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.3.1

The /64 represents the network and subnet IPv6 fields which are the first four groups of hexadecimal digits. The first address within that range is the subnetwork address of 2001: D12:AA04:B5::/64.?

13. How many host addresses are available on the 192.168.10.128/26 network?

62 *

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.2

A /26 prefix gives 6 host bits, which provides a total of 64 addresses, because 26 = 64. Subtracting the network and broadcast addresses leaves 62 usable host addresses.

14. A college has five campuses. Each campus has IP phones installed. Each campus has an assigned IP address range. For example, one campus has IP addresses that start with 10.1.x.x. On another campus the address range is 10.2.x.x. The college has standardized that IP phones are assigned IP addresses that have the number 4X in the third octet. For example, at one campus the address ranges used with phones include 10.1.40.x, 10.1.41.x, 10.1.42.x, etc. Which two groupings were used to create this IP addressing scheme? (Choose two.)

  geographic location *

  device type  *

Refer to curriculum topic: 8.1.1

The IP address design being used is by geographic location (for example, one campus is 10.1, another campus 10.2, another campus 10.3). The other design criterion is that the next octet number designates IP phones, or a specific device type, with numbers starting with 4, but which can include other numbers. Other devices that might get a designation inside this octet could be printers, PCs, and access points. 

quis chapter 7 CCNA

1. The network portion of the address 172.16.30.5/16 is.........................
172.16
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2
A prefix of /16 means that 16 bits are used for the network part of the address. The network portion of the address is therefore 172.16.

2. Match each description with an appropriate IP address. (Not all options are used.)
a link-local address                                     169.254.1.5
a public address                                           198.133.219.2
an experimental address                              240.2.6.255
a loopback address                                       127.0.0.1
Other Incorrect Match Options:
172.18.45.9
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.4
Link-Local addresses are assigned automatically by the OS and are located in the block 169.254.0.0/16. The private address ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. The addresses in the block 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254 are reserved as experimental addresses. Loopback addresses belong to the block 127.0.0.0/8.

3. Which type of IPv6 address is not routable and used only for communication on a single subnet?
  global unicast address
  link-local address  *
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.3
Link-local addresses have relevance only on the local link. Routers will not forward packets that include a link-local address as either the source or destination address.

4. Match the IPv6 address with the IPv6 address type. (Not all options are used.)
2001:DB8::BAF:3F57:FE94                 global unicast
FF02::1                                                   all node multicast
::1                                                            loopback
FF02::1:FFAE:F85F                               solicited node

Other Incorrect Match Options:
link-local
unique local
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.5
FF02::1:FFAE:F85F is a solicited node multicast address.
2001:DB8::BAF:3F57:FE94 is a global unicast address.
FF02::1 is the all node multicast address. Packets sent to this address will be received by all IPv6 hosts on the local link.
::1 is the IPv6 loopback address.
There are no examples of link local or unique local addresses provided.

5. In which alternative to DHCPv6 does a router dynamically provide IPv6 configuration information to hosts?
SLAAC *
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.4
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) can be used as an alternative to DHCPv6. In this approach, a router provides global routing prefix, prefix length, default gateway, and DNS server information to a host. The host is not provided with a global unicast address by SLAAC. Instead, SLAAC suggests that the host create its own global unicast address based on the supplied global routing prefix. ARP is not used in IPv6. ICMPv6 messages are used by SLAAC to provide addressing and other configuration information. EUI-64 is a process in which a host will create an Interface ID from its 48-bit MAC address.

6. What is the prefix length notation for the subnet mask 255.255.255.224?

/27  *

  /28  *

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2

The binary format for 255.255.255.224 is 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000. The prefix length is the number of consecutive 1s in the subnet mask. Therefore, the prefix length is /27.

7. Fill in the blank.

The last host address on the 10.15.25.0/24 network is ..................

10.15.25.254

Correct Answer

10.15.25.254/24 

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2

The host portion of the last host address will contain all 1 bits with a 0 bit for the lowest order or rightmost bit. This address is always one less than the broadcast address. The range of addresses for the network 10.15.25.0/24 is 10.15.25.0 (network address) through 10.15.25.255 (broadcast address). So the last host address for this network is 10.15.25.254.

 .
8. An IPv6 enabled device sends a data packet with the destination address of FF02::1. What is the target of this packet??
  all IPv6 enabled devices on the local link? or network *
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.5
This address is one of the assigned IPv6 multicast addresses. Packets addressed to FF02::1 are for all IPv6 enabled devices on the link or network. FF02::2 is for all IPv6 routers that exist on the network.

9. Which two types of devices are typically assigned static IP addresses? (Choose two.)

  web servers * 

  printers *

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.3

Servers and peripherals are often accessed by an IP address, so these devices need predictable IP addresses. End-user devices often have dynamic addresses that are assigned. Hubs do not require IPv4 addresses to operate as intermediary devices.

10. A user who is unable to connect to the file server contacts the help desk. The helpdesk technician asks the user to ping the IP address of the default gateway that is configured on the workstation. What is the purpose for this ping command?
to test that the host has the capability to reach hosts on other networks *
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.3.2
The ping command is used to test connectivity between hosts. The other options describe tasks not performed by ping. Pinging the default gateway will test whether the host has the capability to reach hosts on its own network and on other networks.

11. Which network migration technique encapsulates IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets to carry them over IPv4 network infrastructures?
tunneling *
Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.1
The tunneling migration technique encapsulates an IPv6 packet inside an IPv4 packet. Encapsulation assembles a message and adds information to each layer in order to transmit the data over the network. Translation is a migration technique that allows IPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devices using a translation technique similar to NAT for IPv4. The dual-stack migration technique allows IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks to coexist on the same network simultaneously.

12. Fill in the blank.

The shortest compressed format of the IPv6 address 2001:0DB8:0000:1470:0000:0000:0000:0200 is  

.................................

Answer :

 2001:DB8:0:1470::200

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.2

A double colon (::) can replace any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments (hextets) consisting of all 0s, and can only be used once per IPv6 address. Any leading 0s (zeros) in any 16-bit section or hextet can be omitted.

13. Fill in the blank.

The 8-digit binary value of the last octet of the IPv4 address 172.17.10.7 is 

...................................

Answer :

 00000111

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.1

7 = 4 + 2 + 1 = 00000111

14. Match the description to the IPv6 addressing component. (Not all options are used.)

This part of the address is used by an organization to identify subnets.     -    subnet ID

This network portion of the address is assigned by the provider.               -    global routing

This part of the address is the equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address.       -     interface ID

Other Incorrect Match Options:

subnet mask

Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.4

A global IPv6 unicast address contains three parts. The Global Routing Prefix of an IPv6 is the prefix or network portion of the address assigned by the provider, such as an ISP, to a customer or site. The Subnet ID Field is used by an organization to identify a subnet within its site. The interface ID field of the IPv6 Interface ID is equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address.

quis chapter 6 CCNA

1. When transporting data from real-time applications, such as streaming audio and video, which field in the IPv6 header can be used to inform the routers and switches to maintain the same path for the packets in the same conversation?
  Flow Label *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.1.4
The Flow Label in IPv6 header is a 20-bit field that provides a special service for real-time applications. This field can be used to inform routers and switches to maintain the same path for the packet flow so that packets will not be reordered.


2. Fill in the blank.
The acronym............ is used to define the process that allows multiple devices to share a single routable IP address.
Answer 1:
NAT
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.1.4
NAT or Network Address Translation is the process of modifying the IP packet header information on packets going outside the corporate network. Corporate networks typically use private addresses on the inside LAN and need a public address to be able to communicate through the WAN.


3. During the boot process, where will the router bootstrap program look for the IOS image by default?
  flash *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.3.2
The IOS image is typically stored in flash memory. If the image is not in flash memory when the router boots, the router bootstrap program can look for it on a TFTP server.


4. What are two functions that are provided by the network layer? (Choose two.)
  carrying data between processes that are running on source and destination hosts
  providing end devices with a unique network identifier
  directing data packets to destination hosts on other networks
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.1.1
The network layer is primarily concerned with passing data from a source to a destination on another network. IP addresses supply unique identifiers for the source and destination. The network layer provides connectionless, best-effort delivery. Devices rely on higher layers to supply services to processes.


5. Which key combination allows a user to abort setup mode?
  Ctrl-C *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.3.2
The setup mode can be interrupted at any time using the Ctrl-C key combination.


6. A router may have to fragment a packet when forwarding it from one medium to another medium that has a smaller ..............
Answer 1:
 MTU
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.1.3


 7. If there are two or more possible routes to the same destination, the.......... is used to determine which route is used in the routing table.
Answer 1:
 metric
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.2.2
If there are two or more possible routes to the same destination, the metric is used to decide which route appears in the routing table.


8. Within a production network, what is the purpose of configuring a switch with a default gateway address?
  The default gateway address is used to forward packets originating from the switch to remote networks. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.4.3
A default gateway address allows a switch to forward packets that originate on the switch to remote networks. A default gateway address on a switch does not provide Layer 3 routing for PCs that are connected on that switch. A switch can still be accessible from Telnet as long as the source of the Telnet connection is on the local network.


9. Which value, that is contained in an IPv4 header field, is decremented by each router that receives a packet?
  Time-to-Live. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.1.3
When a router receives a packet, the router will decrement the Time-to-Live (TTL) field by one. When the field reaches zero, the receiving router will discard the packet and will send an ICMP Time Exceeded message to the sender.


10. Which IPv4 address can a host use to ping the loopback interface?
  127.0.0.1  *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.2.1
A host can ping the loopback interface by sending a packet to a special IPv4 address within the network 127.0.0.0/8.


11. Which portion of the network layer address does a router use to forward packets?
  network portion *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.2.2


12. Here is a link to the PT ActivityView in a new window.

Open the PT activity. Perform the tasks in the activity instructions and then answer the question.
Which interfaces in each router are active and operational?
  R1: G0/0 and S0/0/0
R2: G0/1 and S0/0/0 *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.4.2
The command to use for this activity is show ip interface brief in each router. The active and operational interfaces are represented by the value "up" in the "Status" and "Protocol" columns. The interfaces in R1 with these characteristics are G0/0 and S0/0/0. In R2 they are G0/1 and S0/0/0.


13. How does the network layer use the MTU value?
  The MTU is passed to the network layer by the data link layer.
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.1.2
The data link layer indicates to the network layer the MTU for the medium that is being used. The network layer uses that information to determine how large the packet can be when it is forwarded. When packets are received on one medium and forwarded on a medium with a smaller MTU, the network layer device can fragment the packet to accommodate the smaller size.

14. Refer to the exhibit. Using the network in the exhibit, what would be the default gateway address for host A in the 192.133.219.0 network?
  192.133.219.1  *
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.4.3


15. Refer to the exhibit. Fill in the blank.
A packet leaving PC-1 has to traverse........... hops to reach PC-4.?

Answer 1:
3
Refer to curriculum topic: 6.1.1
A hop is an intermediary Layer 3 device that a packet has to traverse to reach its destination. In this case, the number of hops a packet has to traverse from PC-1 to PC-4 is three, as there are three routers from source to destination.

quis chapter 5 CCNA

1. A Layer 2 switch is used to switch incoming frames from a 1000BASE-T port to a port connected to a 100Base-T network. Which method of memory buffering would work best for this task?
   shared memory buffering  *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.2.2
With shared memory buffering, the number of frames stored in the buffer is restricted only by the size of the entire memory buffer and not limited to a single port buffer. This permits larger frames to be transmitted with fewer dropped frames. This is important to asymmetric switching, which applies to this scenario, where frames are being exchanged between ports of different rates. With port-based memory buffering, frames are stored in queues that are linked to specific incoming and outgoing ports making it possible for a single frame to delay the transmission of all the frames in memory because of a busy destination port. Level 1 cache is memory used in a CPU. Fixed configuration refers to the port arrangement in switch hardware.


2. What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal value of 3F?
  63 *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.1.2
In order to convert a hexadecimal number to decimal, consider that the digit to the far right represents the 1s column where values 0 through F can appear.  A hexadecimal value of A equals the decimal number 10. B equals 11, and so on through F equaling 15. The value of F in the number F equals 15. Next consider the value of 3 in the hexadecimal number of 3F. That place holder is the 16s column. Multiple the number 3 times 16 for a total of 48. Add 48 to 15 for the grand total of 63. Hexadecimal 3F equals a decimal value of 63.?

3. Which action is taken by a Layer 2 switch when it receives a Layer 2 broadcast frame?
  It sends the frame to all ports except the port on which it received the frame. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.2.1
When a Layer 2 switch receives a frame with a broadcast destination address, it floods the frame to all ports except the port on which it received the frame.

 4. Which two functions or operations are performed by the MAC sublayer? (Choose two.)
  It is responsible for Media Access Control.  *
  It adds a header and trailer to form an OSI Layer 2 PDU. * 
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.1.1
The MAC sublayer is the lower of the two data link sublayers and is closest to the physical layer. The two primary functions of the MAC sublayer are to encapsulate the data from the upper layer protocols and to control access to the media.


5.Fill in the blank using a number.
The minimum Ethernet frame size is........... bytes. Anything smaller than that should be considered a "runt frame."
Answer 1:
64 *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.1.1
Ethernet II and IEEE 802.3 standards define the minimum frame size as 64 bytes and the maximum as 1518 bytes.

 6. When a switch configuration includes a user-defined error threshold on a per-port basis, to which switching method will the switch revert when the error threshold is reached?
  store-and-forward  *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.2.2
When the store-and-forward switching method is used, the switch receives the complete frame before forwarding it on to the destination. In contrast, a cut-through switch forwards the frame once the destination Layer 2 address is read.


7.
i209358v1n1_209358.png


Refer to the graphic. H2 has sent a broadcast message to all of the hosts. If host H1 wants to reply to the broadcast message, which statement is true?

 H1 sends a unicast message to H2, and the switch forwards it directly to H2. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.2.1
Since H2 has just sent a broadcast message to all hosts, the MAC address for H2 is already in the switch MAC table. A unicast message from H1 to H2 will therefore be forwarded by the switch directly to H2.


8. When the store-and-forward method of switching is in use, what part of the Ethernet frame is used to perform an error check?
  CRC in the trailer. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.2.2
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) part of the trailer is used to determine if the frame has been modified during transit.? If the integrity of the frame is verified, the frame is forwarded. If the integrity of the frame cannot be verified, then the frame is dropped.


9. i209881v1n2_209881.png


Refer to the exhibit. What is the destination MAC address of the Ethernet frame as it leaves the web server if the final destination is PC1?
  00-60-2F-3A-07-CC *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.3.1
The destination MAC address is used for local delivery of Ethernet frames. The MAC (Layer 2) address changes at each network segment along the path. As the frame leaves the web server, it will be delivered by using the MAC address of the default gateway.


10. Fill in the blank.
The binary number 0000 1010 can be expressed as........... in hexadecimal.
Answer 1:
A *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.1.2
The binary number 0000 1010 can be expressed as 0A in hexadecimal.


11. What type of address is 01-00-5E-0A-00-02?
  an address that reaches a specific group of hosts *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.1.2
The multicast MAC address is a special value that begins with 01-00-5E in hexadecimal. It allows a source device to send a packet to a group of devices.


12. Fill in the blank.
On Ethernet networks, the hexadecimal address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF represents the...........
 MAC address.
Answer 1:
Broadcast
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.1.2
On Ethernet networks, the broadcast MAC address is 48 binary ones displayed as hexadecimal FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF.


13. What is the primary purpose of ARP?
  resolve IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.3.2


14. Refer to the exhibit. PC1 issues an ARP request because it needs to send a packet to PC3. In this scenario, what will happen next?
  RT1 will send an ARP reply with its own Fa0/0 MAC address. *
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.3.2
When a network device has to communicate with a device on another network, it broadcasts an ARP request asking for the default gateway MAC address. The default gateway (RT1) unicasts an ARP reply with the Fa0/0 MAC address.


15. Fill in the blank.
The Ethernet........... sublayer is responsible for communicating directly with the physical layer.
Answer 1:
MAC
Refer to curriculum topic: 5.1.1
Ethernet at the data link layer is divided into two sublayers - the MAC and the LLC sublayers. The LLC sublayer is responsible for communicating with the upper layers, and the MAC sublayer communicates directly with the physical layer.